Publications

If you would like access to any of the publications below, please send me an email at mateo.pearson@gmail.com with the article number in the subject line.

Peer-Reviewed Publications 

  1. Montes, K. S., Pearson, M. R., & Bravo, A. J. (in press). Use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies as a moderator of the alcohol use-consequences relationship: Evidence from multiple replications. Substance Use & Misuse.
  2. Mezquita, L., Bravo, A. J., Ortet, G., Pilatti, A., Pearson, M. R., & Ibanez, M. I. (in press). Cross-cultural examination of different personality pathways to alcohol use and misuse. Drug & Alcohol Dependence.
  3. Witkiewitz, K., Wilson, A. D., Pearson, M. R., Montes, K. S., Kirouac, M., Roos, C. R., Hallgren, K. A., & Maisto, S. A. (in press). Profiles of Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder at Three Years Following Treatment: Can Definitions of Recovery be Extended to Include High Functioning Heavy Drinkers? Addiction.
  4. Bravo, A. J., Villarosa-Hurlocker, M. C., Pearson, M. R., & Protective Strategies Study Team (in press). College Student Mental Health: An Evaluation of the DSM-5 Self-rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure. Psychological Assessment.
  5. Tonigan, J. S., Pearson, M. R., Magill, M., & Hagler, K. (in press). AA attendance and abstinence for dually diagnosed problem drinkers: A meta-analytic review. Addiction.
  6. Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Henson, J. M., & Stevens, L. E. (in press). Weighing the pros and cons of using protective behavioral strategies: A qualitative examination among college students. Substance Use & Misuse.
  7. Wilson, A. D., Montes, K. S., Bravo, A. J., Conner, B. T., Pearson, M. R., & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team (in press). Making decisions with trees: Identifying predictors of marijuana outcomes among college students using recursive partitioning. Clinical Psychological Science.
  8. Prince, M. A., Conner, B. T., & Pearson, M. R. (in press). Quantifying cannabis: A field study of marijuana quantity estimation. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors.
  9. Prince, M. A., Pearson, M. R., Bravo, A. J., & Montes, K. S. (2018). A quantification of the alcohol use-consequences association in college student and clinical populations: A large, multi-sample study. American Journal on Addictions, 27, 116-123.
  10. Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Pilatti, A., Read, J. P., Mezquita, L., Ibáñez, M. I., & Ortet, G. (2018). Impulsivity-like traits, college alcohol beliefs, and alcohol outcomes: Examination of a prospective multiple mediation model among college students in Spain, Argentina, and USA. Addictive Behaviors, 81, 125-133. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.009
  11. Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Pilatti, A., Mezquita, L., Ibanez, M. I., & Ortet, G. (in press). Ruminating in English, ruminating in Spanish: Psychometric evaluation and validation of the Ruminative Thoughts Style Questionnaire in Spain, Argentina, and USA. European Journal of Psychological Assessment.
  12. Bravo, A. J., Pilatti, A., Pearson, M. R., Mezquita, L., Ibáñez, M. I., & Ortet, G. (2018).  Depressive symptoms, ruminative thinking, drinking to cope, and negative alcohol-related consequences: A Multiple mediation model among college students in three countries. Addictive Behaviors, 76, 319-327.
  13. Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Pilatti, A., Read, J. P., Mezquita, L., Ibáñez, M. I., & Ortet, G. (2018). Cross-cultural examination of college drinking culture in Spain, Argentina, and USA: Measurement invariance testing of the College Life Alcohol Salience Scale. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 180, 349-355/.
  14. Pearson, M. R., Hustad, J. T. P., Neighbors, C., Conner, B. T., Bravo, A. J., & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team. (2018). Personality, marijuana norms, and marijuana outcomes among college students. Addictive Behaviors, 76, 291-297.
  15. Kirouac, M., Stein, E. R., Pearson, M. R., & Witkiewitz, K. (2018). Viability of the World Health Organization Quality of Life measure to assess changes in quality of life following treatment for alcohol use disorder. Quality of Life Research, 26, 2987-2997.
  16. Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2018). Mindfulness and psychological health outcomes: A latent profile analysis among military personnel and college students. Mindfulness, 9, 259-270.
  17. 069. Bravo, A. J., Wilson, A. D., Pearson, M. R., & Witkiewitz, K. (2018). When traits match states: Examining the associations between trait and state mindfulness following a state mindfulness induction. Mindfulness, 9, 199-211.
  18. Witkiewitz, K., Pearson, M. R., Hallgren, D. A., Maisto, S. A., Roos, C. R., Kirouac, M., Wilson, A. D., Montes, K. A., & Heather, N. (2017). Who achieves low risk drinking during alcohol treatment? An analysis of patients in three alcohol clinical trials. Addiction, 112, 2112-2121.
  19. Bravo, A. J., & Pearson, M. R. (2017). In the process of drinking to cope among college students: An examination of specific vs. global coping motives for depression and anxiety symptoms. Addictive Behaviors, 73, 94-98.
  20. Parnes, J. E., Bravo, A. J., Conner, B. T., & Pearson, M. R. (2018). A burning problem: Cannabis lessons learned from Colorado. Addiction Research and Theory, 26, 3-10.
  21. Hagler, K. J., Pearson, M. R., Venner, K. L., & Greenfield, B. L. (2017). Descriptive drinking norms among Native American and Non-Hispanic White college students. Addictive Behaviors, 72, 45-50.
  22. Witkiewitz, K., Wilson, A. D., Pearson, M. R., Hallgren, K. A., Falk, D. E., Litten, R. Z., Kranzler, H. R., Mann, K. F., Hasin, D. S., O’Malley, S., & Anton, R. (2017). Temporal stability of heavy drinking days and drinking reductions among heavy drinkers in the COMBINE study. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 41, 1054-1062.
  23. Bravo, A. J., Prince, M. A., & Pearson, M. R. (2017). College-related alcohol beliefs and problematic alcohol consumption: Alcohol protective behavioral strategies as a mediator. Substance Use & Misuse, 52, 1059-1068.
  24. Bravo, A. J., Anthenien, A. M., Prince, M. A., Pearson, M. R., & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team (2017). Marijuana protective behavioral strategies as a moderator of the effects of risk/protective factors on marijuana-related outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 69, 14-21.
  25. Bravo, A. J., Prince, M. A., Pearson, M. R., & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team (2017). Can I use marijuana safely? An examination of distal antecedents, marijuana protective behavioral strategies, and marijuana outcomes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 78, 203-212.
  26. Pearson, M. R., Bravo, A. J., Kirouac, M., & Witkiewitz, K. (2017). The search for an elusive cutoff remains: Problems of binary classification of heavy drinking as an endpoint for alcohol clinical trials. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 171, 91-96.
  27. Pearson, M. R., Bravo, A. J., Conner, B. T., & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team (2017). Distinguishing subpopulations of marijuana users with latent profile analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 172, 1-8.
  28. Pearson, M. R., Prince, M. A., & Bravo, A. J. (2017). Moderators of the effects of alcohol protective behavioral strategies: Three attempts of replication and extension. Substance Use & Misuse, 52, 939-949.
  29. Pearson, M. R ., Kholodkov, T., Gray, M. J., & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team (2017). Perceived Importance of Marijuana to the College Experience (PIMCES): Initial Development and Validation. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 78, 319-324.
  30. Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Conner, B. T., & Parnes, J. E. (2017). Is 4/20 an event-specific marijuana holiday? A daily diary investigation of marijuana use and consequences among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs, 78, 134-139.
  31. Pearson, M. R., Liese, B. S., Dvorak, R. D., & Marijuana Outcomes Study Team. (2017). College Student Marijuana Involvement: Perceptions, Use, and Consequences across 11 College Campuses. Addictive Behaviors, 66, 83-89.
  32. Tonigan, J. S., McCallion, E., Frohe, T., & Pearson, M. R. (2017). Lifetime Alcoholics Anonymous attendance as a predictor of spiritual gains in the Relapse Replication and Extension Project (RREP). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31, 54-60.
  33. Witkiewitz, K., Roos, C. R., Pearson, M. R., Hallgren, K. A., Kirouac, M., Forcehimes, A. A., Wilson, A. D., Robinson, C. S., McCallion, E., Tonigan, J. S., & Maisto, S. A. (2017). How Much is Too Much? Patterns of Drinking During Alcohol Treatment and Associations with Post-Treatment Outcomes across Three Alcohol Clinical Trails. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 78, 59-69.
  34. Wilson, A. D., Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., & Witkiewitz, K. (2016). Finding success in failure: Using latent profile analysis to examine heterogeneity in psychosocial functioning among heavy drinkers following treatment. Addiction, 111, 2145-2154.
  35. Bravo, A. J., Prince, M. A., & Pearson, M. R. (2016). A multiple replication examination of distal antecedents to alcohol protective behavioral strategies. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77, 958-967.
  36. Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., & Henson, J. M. (2017). Drinking to cope with depressive symptoms and ruminative thinking: A multiple mediation model among college students. Substance Use & Misuse, 52, 52-62.
  37. Pearson, M. R., Kirouac, M., & Witkiewitz, K. (2016). We still question the utility and validity of the binge/heavy drinking criterion. Addiction, 111, 1733-1734.
  38. Dvorak, R. D., Kuvaas, N. J., Lamis, D. A., Pearson, M. R., & Stevenson, B. L. (2015). Emotionally up and down, behaviorally to and fro: Drinking motives mediate the synergistic effects of urgency and emotional instability on alcohol outcomes. Journal of Drug Education: Substance Abuse Research & Prevention, 45, 156-184. doi: 10.1177/0047237916639030.
  39. Doane, A. N., Boothe, L. G., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2016). Risky electronic communication behaviors and cyberbullying victimization: An application of protection motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 60, 508-513.
  40. Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Stevens, L. E., & Henson, J. M. (2016). Depressive symptoms and alcohol-related problems among college students: A moderated-mediated model of mindfulness and drinking to cope. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77, 661-666.
  41. Bravo, A. J., Boothe, L. G., & Pearson, M. R. (2016). Getting personal with mindfulness: A latent profile analysis of mindfulness and psychological outcomes. Mindfulness, 7, 420-432. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0459-7.
  42. Pearson, M. R., Kirouac, M., Witkiewitz, K. (2016). Questioning the validity of the 4+/5+ criterion in college student and clinical populations. Addiction, 111, 1720-1726.
  43. Dvorak, R. D., Pearson, M. R., Sargent, E. M., Stevenson, B. L., & Mfon, A. M. (2016). Daily associations between emotional functioning and alcohol involvement: Moderated effects of response inhibition and gender. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 163(Suppl 1), S46-S53.
  44. Dvorak, R. D., Pearson, M. R., Neighbors, C., Martens, M. P., Kuvaas, N. J., & Stevenson, B. L. (2016). A road paved with safe intentions: Increasing intentions to use alcohol protective behavioral strategies via Deviance Regulation Theory. Health Psychology, 35, 604-613.
  45. Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., & Stevens, L. E. (2016). Making religiosity person-centered: A latent profile analysis of religiosity and psychological health outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 160-169.
  46. Sanjuan, P. M., Pearson, M. R., & Langenbucher, J. L. (2015). Conditional effects of appearance and performance enhancing drugs (APEDs) use on mood in powerlifters and bodybuilders. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 33, 444-457.
  47. Bravo, A. J., Prince, M. A., & Pearson, M. R. (2015) Does the how mediate the why? A multiple replication examination of drinking motives, alcohol protective behavioral strategies, and alcohol outcomes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.
  48. Doane, A. N., Kelley, M. L., & Pearson, M. R. (2016). Reducing cyberbullying: A theory of reasoned action-based video prevention program for college students. Aggressive Behavior, 42, 136-146.
  49. Dvorak, R. D., Pearson, M. R., Neighbors, C., Martens, M. P., & Williams, T. J. (2015). Fitting in and standing out: Increasing the use of protective behavioral strategies with a deviance regulation intervention. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 83, 482-493.
  50. Roos, C. R., Kirouac, M., Pearson, M. R., Fink, B. C., & Witkiewitz, K. (2015). Examining temptation to drink from an existential perspective: Associations among temptation, purpose in life, and drinking outcomes. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29, 716-724.
  51. Wilcox, C. E., Pearson, M. R., & Tonigan, J. S. (2015). Effects of long-term AA attendance and spirituality on the course of depressive symptoms in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29, 382-391.
  52. Henson, J. M., Pearson, M. R., & Carey, K. B. (2015). Defining and predicting differences in the efficacy of college alcohol interventions: A growth mixture modeling approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 370-381.
  53. Roos, C. R., Pearson, M. R., & Brown, D. B. (2015). Drinking motives mediate the negative associations between mindfulness facets and alcohol outcomes among college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29, 176-183.
  54. Brown, D. B., Bravo, A. J., Roos, C. R., & Pearson, M. R. (2015). Five facets of mindfulness and health-related outcomes: Evaluating a psychological model of the mechanisms of mindfulness. Mindfulness, 6, 1021-1032.
  55. Pearson, M. R., Brown, D. B., Bravo, A. J., & Witkiewitz, K. (2015). Staying in the moment and finding purpose: The predictive effects of trait mindfulness, decentering, and purpose in life on depression, anxiety, and alcohol problems. Mindfulness, 6, 645-653. doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0300-8
  56. Pearson, M. R., Lawless, A. K., Brown, D. B., & Bravo, A. J. (2015). Mindfulness and emotional outcomes: Identifying subgroups of college students using latent profile analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 33-38. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.009
  57. Owens, M. D., McCrady, B. S., Borders, A. Z., Brovko, J. M., & Pearson, M. R. (2014). Psychometric properties of the system for coding couples’ interactions in therapy-alcohol. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28, 1077-1088.
  58. Dvorak, R. D., Pearson, M. R., & Day, A. M. (2014). Ecological momentary assessment of acute alcohol use disorder symptoms: Associations with mood, motives, and use on planned drinking days. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 22, 285-297. doi: 10.1037/a0037157.
  59. Moser, K., Pearson, M. R., Hustad, J. T. P., & Borsari, B. (2014). Drinking games, tailgating, and pregaming: Precollege predictors or risky college drinking. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 40, 367-373. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.936443
  60. Qi, D., Pearson, M. R., & Hustad, J. T. P. (2014). Predictors of motivation to change in mandated college students following a referral incident. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28, 524-531. doi: 10.1037/a0035910
  61. Hustad, J. T. P., Pearson, M. R., Neighbors, C., & Borsari, B. (2014). The role of alcohol perceptions as mediators between personality and alcohol-related outcomes among incoming college student drinkers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28, 336-347. doi: 10.1037/a0033785
  62. Doane, A. N., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2014). Predictors of cyberbullying perpetration among college students: An application of the Theory of Reasoned Action. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 154-162. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.051
  63. Pearson, M. R., & Hustad, J. T. P. (2014). Personality and alcohol-related outcomes among mandated college students: Descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and college-related alcohol beliefs as mediators. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 879-884. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.008
  64. Pearson, M. R., Derlega, V. J., Henson, J. M., Holmes, K., Ferrer, R., & Harrison, S. (2014). Role of neuroticism and coping strategies in psychological reactions to a racist incident among African American university students. Journal of Black Psychology, 40, 81-111. doi: 10.1177/0095798412471682.
  65. Kuvaas, N. J., Dvorak, R. D., Pearson, M. R., & Lamis, D. A. (2014). Self-regulation and alcohol use involvement: A latent class analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 146-152 doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.020.
  66. Kelley, M. L., Runnals, J., Pearson, M. R., Miller, M., VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Women Veteran’s Workgroup, VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Registry Workgroup, & Brancu, M. (2013). Alcohol use and trauma exposure among male and female veterans before, during, and after military service. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133, 615-624. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.002.
  67. Kite, B. A., Pearson, M. R, & Henson, J. M. (2013). The assessment of protective behavioral strategies: Comparing absolute frequency and contingent frequency response scales. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27, 1010-1018. doi: 10.1037/a0031366.
  68. Pearson, M. R. (2013). Use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies among college students: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 1025-1040. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.08.006
  69. Pearson, M. R., D’Lima, G. M., & Kelley, M. L. (2013). Daily use of protective behavioral strategies and daily alcohol use/problems. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27, 826-831. doi: 10.1037/a0032516
  70. Pearson, M. R., & Henson, J. M. (2013). Unplanned drinking and alcohol problems: A preliminary test of the model of unplanned drinking behavior. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27, 584-595. doi: 10.1037/a0030901
  71. Pearson, M. R., Kite, B. A., & Henson, J. M. (2013). Predictive effects of good self-control and poor regulation on alcohol-related problems: Do protective behavioral strategies mediate? Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27, 81-89. doi: 10.1037/a0028818
  72. Dvorak, R. D., & Pearson, M. R., & Kuvaas, N. J. (2013). The five-factor model of impulsivity-like traits and affect lability in aggressive behavior. Aggressive Behaviors, 39, 222-228. doi: 10.1002/ab.21474
  73. Henson, J. M., Derlega, V. J., Pearson, M. R., Ferrer, R., & Holmes, K. (2013). African American students’ responses to racial discrimination: How race-based rejection sensitivity and social constraints are related to psychological reactions. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32, 503-528.
  74. Pearson, M. R., Murphy, E. M., & Doane, A. N. (2013). Impulsivity-like traits and risky driving behaviors among college students. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 53, 142-148. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.01.009
  75. Pearson, M. R., & Richardson, T. R. (2013). Teaching the truth about lies to psychology students: The speed lying task. Teaching of Psychology, 40, 56-58.doi: 10.1177/0098628312465866
  76. Pearson, M. R., Kite, B. A., & Henson, J. M. (2012). The assessment of protective behavioral strategies: Comparing prediction and factor structures across measures. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26, 573-584. doi: 10.1037/a0028187
  77. Pearson, M. R., Kite, B. A., & Henson, J. M. (2012). Unique direct and indirect effects of impulsivity on alcohol-related outcomes via protective behavioral strategies. Journal of Drug Education, 42, 425-446. doi: 10.2190/DE.42.4.d
  78. Pearson, M. R., D’Lima, G. M., & Kelley, M. L. (2012). Maternal and paternal alcohol abuse and alcohol-related outcomes among college students. Substance Use & Misuse, 47, 708-717. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2012.664237
  79. D’Lima, G. M., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2012). Protective behavioral strategies as a mediator and moderator of the relationship between self-regulation and alcohol-related outcomes in first-year college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26, 330-337. doi: 10.1037/a0026942
  80. Pearson, M. R., Kholodkov, T., Henson, J. M., & Impett, E. A. (2012). Pathways to early coital debut for adolescent girls: A recursive partitioning analysis. Journal of Sex Research, 49, 13-26. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2011.565428
  81. Pearson, M. R., D’Lima, G. M., & Kelley, M. L. (2011). Self-regulation as a buffer of the relationship between parental alcohol misuse and alcohol-related outcomes in first-year college students. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 1309-1312. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.009
  82. Kelley, M. L., Pearson, M. R., Trinh, S., Klostermann, K., & Krakowski, K. (2011). Maternal and paternal alcoholism and depressive mood: Parental relationships as mediators of ACOA-depressive mood link. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 700-706. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.028.
  83. Derlega, V. J., Winstead, B. A., Pearson, M. R., Dutton, L. B., Ferrer, R., Janda, L. J., Lewis, R. J., & Greene, K. (2011). Unwanted pursuit in same-sex relationships: Effects of attachment styles, investment model variables, and sexual minority stressors. Partner Abuse, 2, 300-322. doi: 10.1891/1946&U8211;6560.2.3.300.
  84. Milletich, R. J., Kelley, M. L., Doane, A. N., & Pearson, M. R. (2010). Exposure to interparental violence and childhood physical and emotional abuse as related to physical aggression in undergraduate dating relationships. Journal of Family Violence, 25, 627-637. doi: 10.1007/s10896-010-9319-3.
  85. Pearson, M. R. (2010). How 'Undocumented Workers' and 'Illegal Aliens' affect prejudice toward Mexican immigrants. Social Influence, 5, 118-132. doi: 10.1080/15534511003593679.

Chapters/Other Publications 

  1. Pearson, M. (2015). Stigma and Substance Use: A Methodological Review. Commissioned paper prepared for the Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms. Available: http://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/dbassesite/ documents/webpage/dbasse_170044.pdf [March 2016].
  2. Doane. A. N., Pearson, M. R., & Kelley, M. L. (2016). Approaches to reducing cyberbullying: Change the bully, change the bystander, or change the victim? In M. Wright (Ed). A Social-Ecological Approach to Cyberbullying. Nova Publishers. pp. 339-356.
  3. Pearson, M. R., Roos, C. R., Brown, D. B., & Witkiewitz, K. (2015). Neuroscience and mindfulness-based interventions: Translating neural mechanisms to addiction treatment. In S. W. Feldstein-Ewing, K. Witkiewitz, & F. M. Filbey, (Eds.), Neuroimaging and Psychosocial Addiction Treatment: An Integrative Guide for Researchers and Clinicians. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.
  4. Kholodkov, T., & Pearson, M. R. (2014, November). Mindfulness based interventions for substance use disorders: Untapped potential in veteran and military populations. The Addiction Newsletter.
  5. Wetzell, B. B., Pearson, M. R., & Henson, J. M. (2011). Hierarchical linear modeling of drinking to cope with anxiety among college students. Journal of Undergraduate Research, Old Dominion University Honors College.
  6. Kelley, M. L., Doane, A., & Pearson, M. R. (2011). Single military mothers in the new millennium: Stresses, supports, and effects of deployment. In S. M. MacDermid Wadsworth & D. Riggs (Eds.), Risk and Resilience in U.S. Military Families. New York: Springer.